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[Video] China Melancarkan Armada Trak Perlombongan Tanpa Pemandu Terbesar Dunia

Hantar dan Sebar

Artikel ini telah dibaca 277Kali!

100 Buah trak autonomous bergerak dengan Ai

Pada 15 Mei 2025, China mencatat sejarah dengan melancarkan armada trak perlombongan elektrik tanpa pemandu terbesar di dunia di lombong arang batu terbuka Yimin, Hulunbuir, Mongolia Dalam. Armada ini terdiri daripada 100 trak Huaneng Ruichi yang direka tanpa kabin pemandu, menandakan kemajuan besar dalam teknologi pemanduan autonomi dan kelestarian industri perlombongan.

Inisiatif ini, hasil kerjasama antara Huaneng Group, Huawei, Xuzhou Construction Machinery Group (XCMG), dan Universiti Sains dan Teknologi Beijing, menunjukkan komitmen China untuk mendigitalkan industri berat sambil mengurangkan pelepasan karbon. Armada ini adalah yang pertama di dunia menggunakan sinergi kenderaan-awanan-rangkaian melalui rangkaian 5G-A.

Pendigitalan industri berat

Ciri Utama Armada Trak Autonomi

Skala dan Kapasiti: 100 trak, setiap satu mampu mengangkut 90 tan muatan, dikuasakan oleh bateri litium besi fosfat 564 kWh, dengan jarak perjalanan 60 km setiap cas penuh.
Teknologi Termaju: Menggunakan sistem pemanduan autonomi berasaskan AI Huawei, rangkaian 5G-A (kelajuan muat naik 500 Mbps, latensi 20 ms), pengkomputeran awan, dan pertukaran bateri pintar.
Kecekapan dan Ketahanan: Mencapai kecekapan 120% berbanding trak berpemandu, beroperasi dalam suhu ekstrem (-40°C), dan mengurangkan kos buruh serta risiko keselamatan.
Kesan Alam Sekitar: Menggantikan trak diesel, armada ini mengurangkan pelepasan karbon, menyokong perlombongan hijau walaupun dalam konteks lombong arang batu.

China merancang untuk mengembangkan teknologi ini kepada 5,000 trak menjelang akhir 2025 dan 10,000 menjelang 2026, menjadikan perlombongan pintar sebagai keutamaan nasional.

Perbandingan Global: China vs Dunia

Pada Julai 2024, terdapat kira-kira 2,080 trak angkut autonomi di seluruh dunia, dengan Australia, Kanada, dan Chile sebagai peneraju utama. Berikut adalah perbandingan dengan inisiatif China:

Australia: Memimpin dengan 927 trak (Caterpillar, Komatsu) di lombong bijih besi, menggunakan 4G dan sistem pengangkutan autonomi (AHS). Kapasiti muatan lebih tinggi (200–400 tan), tetapi kurang integrasi AI dan 5G berbanding China.
Kanada: Sekitar 100–150 trak di pasir minyak Alberta, fokus pada keselamatan. Menggunakan teknologi serupa Australia, tetapi elektrifikasi terhad dan rangkaian 5G belum meluas.
Chile: 50–100 trak di lombong tembaga, dengan muatan 200–300 tan. Adopsi autonomi lebih perlahan disebabkan sekatan peraturan dan infrastruktur.
Trend Global: Pasaran trak autonomi dijangka berkembang dari USD 3.95 bilion (2024) kepada USD 19.58 bilion (2032). China mendahului dalam elektrifikasi penuh dan rangkaian 5G-A, tetapi Australia mendominasi skala keseluruhan.

China menonjol dengan reka bentuk tanpa kabin, sinergi awanan, dan pelaksanaan pantas, manakala negara lain masih bergantung pada trak diesel dan teknologi rangkaian yang lebih tradisional.

Kesimpulan: Kepimpinan China dalam Perlombongan Pintar

Pelancaran armada Yimin menjadikan China peneraju global dalam perlombongan pintar, mengatasi Australia dari segi integrasi teknologi dan kelajuan pelaksanaan. Penggunaan AI, 5G-A, dan elektrifikasi penuh menetapkan standard baharu, walaupun fokus pada arang batu menimbulkan persoalan alam sekitar.

Implikasi Utama:

Inovasi Teknologi: Reka bentuk tanpa kabin dan sinergi kenderaan-awanan adalah yang pertama di dunia, meningkatkan kecekapan sebanyak 20%.
Ekonomi dan Keselamatan: Mengurangkan kos buruh dan risiko pekerja, sejajar dengan matlamat global tetapi dilaksanakan lebih pantas di China.
Kesan Global: Model ini boleh mempengaruhi negara bergantung arang batu lain, dengan Huawei berpotensi mengeksport teknologi ini.

Walaupun armada ini mengurangkan pelepasan diesel, pergantungan China pada arang batu (71% penggunaan global bersama India) menyerlahkan cabaran dekarbonisasi. Inisiatif ini menunjukkan bagaimana teknologi canggih boleh mentransformasi industri tradisional, tetapi kejayaannya bergantung pada keseimbangan antara inovasi dan tanggungjawab alam sekitar